The Diversity of multidrug-resistant bacteria in bloodstream infection from Indonesia patients

Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria cases are increasing globally, including in Indonesia. Bloodstream infection (Bacteremia) is a term that represents the presence of bacteria in patient blood. Blood cultures have become one of the most critically important and frequently performed in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Aim: to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates in bloodstream infection patients in Indonesia. Methods: Over three years (January 2020 to December 2022) a cross-sectional study was conducted at Tugurejo Hospital in Semarang, Indonesia, to collect 184 bacterial isolates from patients with bloodstream infections. The initial identification involves Gram staining and colony morphology assessment, biochemical assays, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing utilizing the VITEK®2 Compact system. Results: The most identified bacterial isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (73.9 %), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.9 %), Acinetobacter sp. (8.7 %), and Escherichia coli (6.4 %). The overall prevalence of MDR bacterial isolates was >80 %, with the highest resistance observed in Staphylococcus aureus to benzylpenicillin (91.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli to ampicillin (100 % and 91.9 %) and Acinetobacter sp. to Cefazolin (100 %). Conclusion: Our study revealed that the presence of MDR pathogens in Bloodstream Infection was noteworthy. The findings of this study would assist in the decision-making process regarding Bloodstream Infection treatment.