Therapeutic activity of curcumin in natural and nano forms on copper oxide nanoparticles induced renal toxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in rat

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) that are considered to be copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have received more attention in recent years and have a significant impact on everyday life due to their large area of influence. Therefore, the current study sought to explore the therapeutic effects of curcumin (Cur) and/or curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPS) concerning DNA damage, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in the kidneys of rats. 60 male rats in the maturity stage were divided into 6 groups (G1, control; G2, Cur; G3, Cur NPS; G4, CuONPs; G5, CuONPs+Cur; G6, CuONPs+CurNPS). Current results revealed a significant elevation in serum levels of creatinine, urea, potassium ions, chloride ions, kidney MDA, DNA damage, kidney injury, PCNA, and P53 expressions, and a significant decline in sodium ions, and calcium ions when compared to control. Interestingly, treatment of CuONPs with Cur or CurNPS revealed modulation in these parameters compared to the CuONPs group with the most favorable results observed in CuONPs+CurNPs.