Biological Activities and Potential Applications of Lichens

Lichens are complex organisms that are formed by symbiotic associations between fungi and photosynthetic organisms that can be algae or cyanobacteria. Most are terrestrial, although a few species are aquatic. Lichens have been studied for their production of secondary metabolites with biological activity such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, among others; they have also been used in the cosmetics industry, as a source of natural dyes, they have been considered bioindicators and have been useful in some bioremediation processes, in addition, they are a potential source of enzymes. This review mentions some bioactive compounds of lichens as well as their potential uses, emphasizing some of their biological activities.