Forecasting the distribution range of <i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the present and future under the influence of climate change

Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) is an important pest that attacks Pinus species in China. It impacts the vitality of local pine vegetation, reduces the ability to prevent windbreak and sand fixation, and causes ecological loss. MaxEnt and ArcGIS are used to predict and analyze the changes in suitable distribution areas of H. ligniperda under current and future climate scenarios, based on 12 climate factor datasets and 1,001 field distribution data points for this pest. The environmental variables used significantly influence the potential distribution of H. ligniperda. Highly suitable areas of this beetle are located in western Europe, central Asia, and the southeastern regions of Oceania, with sporadic occurrences across North America, South America, and Africa. Highly suitable areas in China occur across the east, central south, and southwest regions. There is a significant increase in the high and medium suitability areas, while the area of low suitability decreases under the 4 future climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585). The suitable distribution area for H. ligniperda shows an overall trend of moving northwestward. The purpose of this current study is to provide important theoretical support for the prevention and management of this pest by predicting and analyzing suitable distribution areas under current and future climate scenarios.