A rare and fortunate case of unruptured splenic peliosis – case report and literature review

Splenic peliosis is an extremely rare pathological entity of unclear etiology characterized by the presence of multiple blood-filled cavities. Although numerous associations have been described in the literature, the etiology remains unclear. The present case is about a healthy 40-year-old woman who was referred to our institution due to chronic symptoms of abdominal discomfort and constipation. Despite the abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reported an adrenal mass, reviewing the scans, the radiologist suggested a 17,5 cm, well-vascularized splenic mass. A splenectomy was performed, without any complications. We discuss the current available literature and emphasize the importance of awareness of this diagnosis.