An Overview on Prospects of Biotransformation of Organic Waste: The Fuel of Future

Organic wastes can come straight from the source or be derived from MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) or food processing waste. Municipal organic waste primarily consists of lignocelluloses. It is widely known that the high stability of the components makes lignocellulose hydrolysis ineffective. Environmentally acceptable and effective alternatives to landfilling and incineration for the treatment of organic pollutants include thermal disintegration and biological treatment methods. However, the qualities of the waste also play a role in this. Anaerobic digestion, followed by aerobic stabilisation, biogas production, and anaerobic digestion allow for the co-generation of electrical and thermal energy as well as the manufacture of premium natural fertiliser. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the initial stage of a valorisation process to improve the production of fuels through fermentations. In this regard, MOW pre-treatment is essential to boost the effectiveness of biological processes. In this paper, several organic wastes, pre-treatment processes and microbial degradation techniques are reviewed and analysed. Also, the limitations of various techniques are pointed out. The fundamental scientific features are highlighted and details are given on the technological parameters. An insight towards challenges faced in biodegradation of lignocellulosic waste material is provided. Researches reveal the fact that there is vast hope in the availability of sugars after pre-treatment which may be very crucial for biofuel generation.