Effect of Furocyst on Lipid Profile and Insulin Resistance Across Different Categories of Body Mass Index in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Introduction Insulin resistance is a fundamental factor in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and has been found to mediate a close association with obesity and dyslipidemia. While the anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties of fenugreek seed extracts have been demonstrated, research on its anti-hyperlipidemic properties is still in its novice stage, with inconclusive evidence. The present study assessed the impact of fenugreek seed extracts rich in furostanolic saponins (Furocyst) on lipid profiles across different categories of body mass index (BMI) in women with PCOS. Methodology The study was a single-blinded, randomized clinical study conducted among 230 patients between 18 and 45 years of age, presenting to the Gynecology and Obstetrics OPD for treatment of PCOS. After screening for eligibility, patients were enrolled and randomized into the experimental group (receiving Furocyst BD for three months) and the placebo group. Blood samples collected before treatment and after the completion of treatment were investigated for insulin resistance and lipid profile. The final analysis was conducted on 188 patients (104 in the Furocyst group and 84 in the placebo group) and stratified for different categories of BMI (based on WHO classification). Results A significant reduction in the mean BMI in all patients overall and in patient subgroups according to BMI was noted after 12 weeks of treatment with Furocyst, which was statistically significant in the obese (p<0.001). The HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) index was also reduced in the Furocyst group across all BMI categories, including sub-classes of obese (p<0.001). The lipid-lowering effects of Furocyst were observed on total cholesterol, triglyceride, and VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) in all patients, irrespective of the initial BMI category (p<0.05). The drug did not affect the mean serum HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels. In obese patients, Furocyst also exhibited a statistically significant reduction in LDL-HDL ratio and cholesterol-HDL ratio. Conclusion The present study demonstrates the insulin-sensitizing, glucose-regulating, anti-obesity, and anti-hyperlipidemic properties of Furocyst in women with PCOS. The overweight and obese seem to benefit most from the drug. The use of Furocyst may be considered a pragmatic approach to treating PCOS-related symptoms and improving metabolic disturbances, specifically by optimizing the lipid profile in the affected women and lowering cardiovascular risk factors in the long term.