Gut microbiota analysis and LC-MS-based metabolomics to investigate AMPK/NF-κB regulated by Clostridium butyricum in the treatment of acute pancreatitis

Mechanistically, our results indicated that the therapeutic effects of Clostridium butyricum are mediated through the activation of AMPK, leading to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant exert a protective effect against AP-induced damage by modulating the AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Future studies will further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Clostridium butyricum in AP and explore its clinical applicability in human subjects.