Bio Fiber Odyssey

Abstract: Solid waste management presents a significant challenge for modern society. This research project aims to address this issue by utilizing agricultural waste—specifically, sugarcane bagasse, banana fibers, and dry leaves—to manufacture handmade paper. The fibers are collected, sun-dried, and cleaned in a water vat to remove dust and impurities. They are then cooked with a 10% caustic solution in a pressure cooker and subsequently blended for different time intervals. To achieve discoloration and further purification, a diluted Clorox solution is employed. Three types of paper are produced: one using only the raw fibers, another with the addition of 2% calcium carbonate and 2% starch, and a third with 5% of these additives. The papers are then dried and ironed to enhance smoothness. Various properties, including GSM, pH, thickness, bulk, and moisture content, are measured. Papers made from bagasse fibers are heavier and more suitable for rough use, while those made from banana fibers are softer and ideal for applications such as tissues and wipes. This eco-friendly process not only utilizes agricultural waste but also consumes minimal electricity.