Electric Vehicle Charging Guidance Strategy with Dual-Incentive Mechanisms for Charging and Discharging

With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) and charging facilities, EV charging guidance is currently mainly based on charging incentives. Without an in-depth exploration of the superimposed benefits to charging guidance caused by discharging incentives, it is difficult to maximize the benefits of charging station operators and to stimulate the enthusiasm of users to participate in the guidance. In this study, firstly, a traffic network model based on the Logit model is established, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of EV users’ traveling demand based on the O-D matrix and the Monte Carlo Markov method are proposed. Secondly, we analyze the impact of charging and discharging incentive levels on users’ psychological responses to charging guidance. We assess battery degradation during irregular discharging processes of electric vehicles (EVs) while considering users’ personalized travel needs and anxiety levels. We propose a dual-incentive mechanism for charging and discharging to enhance users’ active participation in charging guidance. Then, we construct a model that incorporates users’ travel and waiting time costs, as well as the economic costs of charging and discharging. Subsequently, we consider the economic benefits for users under the discharging incentive mechanism and establish a user charging decision model based on prospect theory. Finally, considering the goal of maximizing the revenue of the charging station, a charging guidance strategy considering users’ participation in the charging and discharging incentive mechanism during the traveling process is proposed. The effectiveness of the EV charging guidance strategy under three different incentive scenarios is verified with comparative results. The proposed guidance strategy enhances operator revenue while taking user interests into account, achieving a 7% increase in operator revenue compared to a strategy that only considers charging incentives. This dual-incentive mechanism promotes operators’ enthusiasm for participating in vehicle-to-grid interactions.