Applications of IoT in Civil Engineering: From Smart Cities to Smart Infrastructure

The application of IoT in civil engineering is revolutionizing urban infrastructure by enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and efficient resource management. This paper explores IoT’s role in developing smart cities and resilient infrastructure, examining case studies such as Barcelona’s Smart City initiative and the structural health monitoring of Shanghai Tower. While IoT offers numerous benefits, including enhanced efficiency and safety, challenges related to data security, high costs, and integration must be addressed. Future trends such as 5G, AI integration, edge computing, and climate-resilient applications point to an evolving landscape where IoT will continue to drive sustainable, adaptive infrastructure solutions.