Review of Gynecological Trauma: Acute Sexual Assault

Acute sexual violence is a common occurrence and one in five women will experience sexual assault in their lifetime. There are not only physical risks of acute sexual assault but also significant mental health sequelae. Gynecology providers may be consulted in acute sexual assault cases due to the risk of anogenital injury, sexually transmitted infection, and/or pregnancy. Gynecology practitioners should be aware of the potential harms associated with acute sexual assault as well as resources available to patients and providers. Sexual assault nurse examiners have a vital role in acute sexual violence cases, and they should be involved as soon as possible. Gynecology providers should be aware of and incorporate trauma-informed care (TIC) when treating patients with a history of sexual assault. TIC allows the patient more autonomy and choices when dealing with discussion of a sensitive topic and/or sensitive exams (i.e., gynecological exams). This article will review key points, recommendations, and resources when assessing a gynecological patient after an acute sexual assault.