Risk Factors and a Predictive Model for the Co-Occurrence of Endometrial Polyps in Patients with Endometriosis: A Retrospective Study

Background: The incidence of endometrial polyps (EPs) is higher in patients with endometriosis (EM) compared to the general population. This study aims to analyze the various indices in EM patients with and without EPs and to establish an effective combined prediction model to predict the presence of EPs in EM patients. Method: This retrospective study included 1250 EM patients. Logistic regression analysis was employed to develop a combined diagnostic model. Results: Compared to EM patients without EPs, those with EPs had significantly higher age, gravidity, parity, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), platelet (PLT), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and significantly lower hemoglobin (HGB) and white blood cells (WBCs) (p < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a prediction model for the presence of EPs in EM patients was developed based on BMI, DBP, gravidity, parity, LH, WBCs, HGB, TC, and FPG. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) for the combined diagnostic model was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.75–0.82, p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, cut-off value, and Youden index of the model were 77.6%, 66.1%, 0.159, and 0.437, respectively. Conclusions: Metabolic alterations were found to be associated with the presence of EPs in EM patients. The diagnostic model based on these potential risk factors may offer a novel approach for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of EPs in EM patients.