Sodium Quantification in the Abdomen at 3 T

Motivation: Sodium homeostasis is altered in abdominal pathologies such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, but established quantification techniques require an invasive biopsy. Goal(s): Quantification of abdominal sodium content and T2* relaxation in abdominal organs and fluid-filled structures using 23Na-MRI. Approach: Proton and sodium imaging of the abdomen was performed in 18 healthy volunteers using a 3D cones sequence and a sodium-tuned body coil on a clinical 3 T system. Results: Mean total sodium concentration and long T2* relaxation times were measured in 8 organs and fluid-filled structures; results agreed with previously published work in human and animal models. Impact: Quantitative 23Na-MRI measurements in healthy volunteers will serve as a baseline to evaluate pathological changes in hypertension and kidney tumour characterisation. This may assist in the assessment of treatment efficacy, thereby reducing the need for invasive biopsy techniques.