Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals spontaneous neural oscillatory activity in cingulate cortex underlying transient rsfMRI network dynamics

Motivation: rsfMRI network dynamics are essential for cognitive processes, however, their underlying neural bases remain unclear. Goal(s): Here, we aim to examine the neural oscillatory events underlying the dynamic patterns of rsfMRI networks across the entire brain. Approach: We employed simultaneous EEG-fMRI to record brain-wide rsfMRI and neural signals at default mode network. Further, EEG events were identified and temporally matched with dynamic rsfMRI network states derived from a data-driven model. Results: Our results demonstrated robust associations between rsfMRI network dynamics and neural oscillatory events, especially slow oscillation-coupled spindle, gamma events and slow oscillation. Impact: Our results demonstrated the different effects of spontaneous neural oscillatory events (e.g., slow oscillation, spindle, and gamma) in default mode network underlying the dynamics of rsfMRI networks.