Deep Learning Algorithm for Prediction of Molecular Subtypes and Grades in Adult-type Diffuse Gliomas: According to the 2021 WHO Updates

Motivation: Noninvasive prediction of molecular subtype and grade in adult-type diffuse gliomas based on 2021 WHO classification can aid in clinical practice. Goal(s): To establish a robust and interpretable deep learning model for molecular subtyping and grading in adult-type diffuse gliomas. Approach: Institutional multiparametric MRI data (n=1,053) were used to train deep learning models, including 2D CNN and Vision Transformer. Our models were externally validated on the TCGA dataset (n=200). Explainable AI methods were used to interpret the predictions of our models. Results: ViT outperformed CNN with AUCs of 0.87, 0.73, and 0.81 for prediction of IDH mutation, 1p/19q codeletion, and grading, respectively. Impact: Our study demonstrates that Vision Transformer provides reliable and interpretable prediction of molecular subtype and grades in adult-type diffuse gliomas based on the 2021 WHO classification using multiparametric MRI data.