Dysregulated functional network interactions in the brain of depression: From the perspective of the triple-network model

Motivation: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has a high incidence and disability rate. However, the etiology remains unclear, and objective diagnostic markers are lacking. Goal(s): We hypothesize the presence of static and dynamic abnormal connectivity patterns in three core networks of MDD patients. Approach: We employ static functional network connectivity (FNC) analysis, dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC), the network interaction index (NII), and the dynamic functional network connectivity (dNII) to investigate interactions among Default Mode Network (DMN), Salience Network (SN), and Executive Control Network (ECN). Results: MDD patients have abnormal network functional interactions that can be captured by static and dynamic NII indicators. Impact: The abnormal network functional interactions deepen our understanding of the abnormal activity of the three networks in MDD patients, helps to reveal the pathogenesis of MDD, and provides ideas for its intervention.