Simultaneous arterial, venous, and CSF flow dynamics using interleaved multi-Venc spiral imaging

Motivation: Neurofluids dynamics are hypothesized to enable brain metabolite waste clearance pathways for healthy brain function including coupling between arterial, venous, and CSF fluid flow. Goal(s): To enable quantification of arterial, venous and CSF flow simultaneously leveraging interleaved multi-Venc phase contrast encoding and spiral sampling. Approach: A four-point velocity encoding scheme was integrated into a 2D golden angle spiral phase contrast sequence and used in studies of healthy subjects. The flow encoding collects multiple first moments at a fixed echo time. Results: The multi-Venc encoding scheme allowed for simultaneous measures of cardiac-resolved arterial, venous, and CSF flow. Impact: This work demonstrates a method for simultaneous arterial, venous, and CSF flow imaging for imaging neurofluid dynamics and their response to stimuli, challenges, and transient patient states.