Artifact free Projection onto Dipole Fields via a Generalized Frequency-domain Discrete Dipole Kernel

Motivation: Overcoming striping artifacts in the background removal step is a common challenge, especially in non-orthogonal (oblique) B0 field orientations. Goal(s): Develop a robust solution to eliminate striping artifacts while improving the accuracy of QSM images. Approach: We introduce a novel approach, employing a generalized discrete kernel to suppress striping artifacts generated by the Projection onto Dipole Fields method. Results: Our approach successfully addresses striping artifacts and enhances the accuracy of PDF solutions, even at non-orthogonal B0 field angles, promising artifact-free results. Impact: Our work promises to benefit the EMTP community by providing a more robust solution for addressing striping artifacts. This can lead to improved diagnostic accuracy and higher-quality imaging, ultimately enhancing patient care and advancing MRI technology.