A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of adolescents solving complex mathematical operations

Motivation: Mathematical processes are widely studied using neuroimaging techniques. Goal(s): However limited knowledge exists on neurofunctional correlates of distinct mathematical operations, in adolescent samples, as the majority of studies are with adults or children. Approach: We examine for the first time, using fMRI, brain activity associated with complex addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in adolescents. Results: Our study demonstrates the engagement of fronto-parietal, cingulo-operclum networks, and the cerebellum in mathematical operations. Further, we shed light on brain regions not frequently discussed in models of mathematical cognition, including the left temporal gyrus and bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), specific to complex subtraction and division. Impact: Results of the study add new knowledge on a modeling mathematical processes in adolescents. Coordinates in stereotaxic space can serve as a benchmark for future research with neurodevelopmental disorders as well as for individuals exhibiting exceptional mathematical proficiency.