A study based on MRI features to assess vessels that encapsulate tumor clusters and microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma

Motivation: Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) and microvascular invasion (MVI) are distinct vascular patterns of metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies have indicated that patients with VETC+/MVI+ HCC have the worst long-term outcomes. Goal(s): To establish a model based on MRI features of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018 for predicting VM (+) (VETC+/MVI+) HCC and assess its prognostic value. Approach: Retrospective study. Results: Size, arterial peritumoral enhancement, and peritumoral hypointensity on hepatobilary phase (HBP) are independent predictors of VM (+) HCC. The high-risk and low-risk groups predicted by the combined model show significant differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and early recurrence. Impact: Preoperative non-invasive identification of VETC+/MVI+ HCC assists clinical physicians in formulating individualized treatment plans, thereby improving patient survival rates.