Dynamic alterations in spontaneous neural activity in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state fMRI study

Motivation: The dALFF and dfALFF of ADHD have not been fully revealed and publicized. Goal(s): We investigate dALFF and dfALFF in ADHD and further explore whether dALFF and dfALFF can be used to test the feasibility of differentiating ADHD from HC. Approach: The ALFF and fALFF methods were combined with sliding-window approaches to investigate the abnormal time-varying local brain activity of ADHD. Results: ADHD showed statistically significant differences in dALFF and dfALFF. Clinical scores and executive function were correlated with the quantitative values of dynamic differential brain regions. ADHD and HC can be effectively distinguished using an auxiliary diagnostic model based on random forest. Impact: From the perspective of dynamic local brain activity, this study provides insight into the brain dysfunction of ADHD. Understanding dALFF/dfALFF variability can be helpful in understanding neurophysiological mechanisms and possibly guiding ADHD diagnosis.