Common coordinate framework of neonate macaque brain based on ultra-high-resolution diffusion MRI

Motivation: Macaque brain structures change dramatically from birth to adulthood. However, there is no neonate macaque brain common coordinate framework (CCF) serving as neuroanatomical reference for mapping genetic, cellular, and molecular information. Goal(s): To establish an ultra-high-resolution CCF for macaque brain at birth. Approach: We acquired ultra-high resolution diffusion MRI (dMRI) of neonate macaque brain and annotated fine neuroanatomical structures and investigated white matter tract development from neonate to adult macaque through dMRI-based tractography. Results: The established neonate macaque brain CCF is featured with 0.2mm isotropic ultra-high diffusion imaging resolution, comprehensive gray and white matter labels, and a coordinate framework. Impact: This first neonate macaque brain CCF with 0.2mm isotropic ultra-high diffusion imaging resolution serves as neuroanatomical reference, enables mapping genetic, cellular, and molecular information, and provides image templates, laying the foundation for the brain development and evolution discoveries.