Temporal Dynamics of ARIA-E: Quantifying Longitudinal Changes in Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities

Motivation: Using anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can lead to ‘Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities’ (ARIA), indicative of oedema (ARIA-E). ARIA-E's transient nature poses diagnostic challenges, necessitating efficient detection and monitoring, which is critical for drug development for AD. Goal(s): This study aims to develop methods for quantifying and tracking ARIA-E across multiple longitudinal scans, including subtle manifestations. Approach: Temporal variance and gradient maps were computed using serial ultra-rapid 3D FLAIR scans. Data-driven methods were employed to assess statistical significance of changes. Results: The proposed maps highlight significant regions of change in the presence of varying levels of ARIA-E. Impact: This work has facilitated the tracking of statistically significant ARIA-E over multiple serial scans, which will enable further automatic detection methods. These methods may inform dose adjustment and patient safety measures, which is important as anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies become commonplace.