A Dynamic PVA Cryogel based Cardiac Phantom for 3D Temperature Validation of Radiofrequency Ablation

Motivation: MRI-guided radiofrequency ablation of cardiac arrhythmias holds promise to monitor the lesion formation process, however lacks validation tools. Goal(s): To develop a phantom for quantitative validation of catheter ablation procedures. Approach: In this study, a phantom composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with temperature sensitive properties has been developed for validation of the attained ablation temperature. Results: Post-ablation T1 maps were acquired and converted into temperature maps, based on the characterization of the reference phantoms. Impact: This work demonstrates a validation phantom for temperature validation after radiofrequency ablation procedures. This can offer an effective tool for MR methods development as well as procedural training, shortening procedural times and improving patient outcomes.