Good agreement of turbulent kinetic energy assessment by compressed sensing-accelerated 4D flow MRI in aortic stenosis patients

Motivation: Compressed sensing (CS) acceleration has improved the clinical applicability of 4D flow MRI. However, but no studies have investigated turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) assessment using CS-accelerated 4D flow MRI. Goal(s): This study aims to validate TKE assessment in CS 4D flow MRI compared to conventional 4D flow MRI. Approach: The effect of CS acceleration on TKE assessment was evaluated by in vitro coarctation model. In addition, TKE assessment was further validated in healthy subjects and aortic stenosis (AS) patients. Results: TKE parameters had good agreement in AS patients at the ascending aorta, while healthy subjects had significant differences. Impact: TKE estimation has been limited due to asymmetric velocity encoding scheme, requiring additional MR scans. This study firstly validates the reliability of TKE using CS 4D flow with reduced scan time in AS patients.