Preliminary investigation of BOLD dependence on EEG-TMS using a closed-loop TMS-EEG-fMRI setup

Motivation: The motivation for this research study is to improve the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Goal(s): The specific goals of this study are to establish a closed-loop TMS-EEG-fMRI system and to investigate brain state-dependent EEG-TMS responses in relation to concurrent fMRI measurements. Approach: 150 single TMS pulses are delivered while monitoring TMS-elicited network activity using interleaved fMRI acquisition. Data processing involves extracting EEG phase information, preprocessing of fMRI data, and statistical analysis using SPM12. Results: Significantly increased fMRI signal was detected in the M1 and SMA under specific EEG phase conditions. These results illustrate the relationship between TMS, EEG phases, and BOLD responsesImpact: The results of this study have important implications for the field of non-invasive brain stimulation and neuroimaging. The development of a closed-loop TMS-EEG-fMRI system holds the potential to revolutionize the treatment of various brain disorders by personalizing TMS interventions.