Multiparameter Quantitative MRI in Diagnosing Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy in Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy

Motivation: Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is a rare yet highly significant complication of thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO), which requires urgent treatment. However, diagnosing this condition is a formidable challenge due to the absence of well-defined criteria for its identification. Goal(s): The aim of this study was to use multiparameter MRI for diagnosing DON. Approach: Fifty-five patients were enrolled, who underwent MRI, including conventional imaging, T1 mapping, T2 mapping, and mDIXON Quant sequences for providing quantitative parameters. Results: The quantitative parameters could offer reliable evidence for the differentiation of DON from TAO, especially T1 values of extraocular muscles and water fraction of orbital fat. Impact: The native T1 values of extraocular muscles combined with water fraction of orbital fat provided more accurate diagnostic ability of DON in TAO patients. Moreover, the pathological presentation of fibrosis of extraocular muscles associated with DON may occur.