4D flow CMR-derived left ventricular hemodynamic indicators for evaluating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients

Motivation: Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, and Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) with the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% serve as high morbidity and mortality. Goal(s): The aim of this study is to investigate the hemodynamic environment in left ventricle of different phases. Approach: 4D flow technology could offer non-invasive method for quantifying the alternatives of intracardiac blood flow components in HFrEF with and without MACE. Results: Results showed reduced DF-KEiESV, DEF-KEiESV, higher RVo and peak E-wave RVo-KEiEDV were confirmed in MACE+ group when compared with MACE- group. Impact: The hemodynamic analysis in HFrEF when compared patients with and without MACE illustrated significant alternative of intracardiac blood flow components by using 4D flow technology, which could offer valuable insight for further assessment and treatment planning.