3D Real-Time Whole Heart Cine MR Based on Spiral-In/Out bSSFP Sequence

Motivation: To achieve high-temporal-resolution 3D whole-heart MR cine without the need for ECG, allow direct visualization of physiological motions, and assess cardiac function in clinical practice. Goal(s): To attain 3D multi-slice whole-heart real-time imaging with <50 ms temporal resolution, while preserving adequate spatial resolution for cardiac functional analysis. Approach: We employed golden-angle rotated spiral-in/out trajectory with 32× acceleration, and randomized variable density kz phase-encoding in the bSSFP sequence, and harnessed an iterative reconstruction algorithm. Results: We attained a groundbreaking achievement in advancing MRI capabilities, obtaining an ECG-free 3D real-time cardiac cine with complete 12-slice whole-heart coverage and an impressive sub-50 ms temporal resolution. Impact: We've employed advanced techniques to triumph over MRI's historical disadvantage of slower acquisition compared to other modalities. Pioneering a groundbreaking approach, we achieve high temporal resolution for 3D real-time imaging without ECG, breath-holding, or data segmentation, revolutionizing cardiac motion capture.