Renal multiple post label times arterial spin label (ASL) read out by turbo spin echo (TSE)

Motivation: Renal imaging using echo planar imaging (EPI) readout may be sensitive to field inhomogeneities and induced ghost artifact. Besides, single inversion time is not enough for renal blood flow (RBF) quantification. Investigation of more stable clinical arterial spin label (ASL) imaging methods is required. Goal(s): We aimed to design a stable clinical ASL sequence to quantify RBF accurately. Approach: Multiple inversion time (TIs) readout by turbo spin echo (TSE) was processed, and the repeatability of quantification was evaluated in volunteers (n=7). Results: Multiple TIs combined with TSE readout of FAIR-ASL provided more accurate RBF measurement and highly repeatability compare with pcASL-EPI. Impact: Multi-PLDs readout by TSE may provide a stable clinical ASL-FAIR sequences to accurately quantify RBF.