Three-dimensional Stacking of Phase Plates for Advanced Electron Beam Shaping
Tuneable phase plates for free electrons are a highly active area of research. However, their widespread implementation, similar to that of spatial light modulators in light optics, has been hindered by both conceptual and technical challenges. A specific technical challenge involves the need to minimize obstruction of the electron beam by supporting films and electrodes. Here, we describe numerical and analytical mathematical frameworks for three-dimensional stacks of phase plates that can be used to provide near-arbitrary electron beam shaping with minimal obstruction.
Authors
- Payam Habibzadeh Kavkani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4351-7141)
- Giovanni Bertoni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-9102)
- Enzo Rotunno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-3884)
- Peter Tiemeijer
- Paolo Rosi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5789-6763)
- Lorenzo Viani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1762-8147)
- Gianluca Ruffato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3997-0488)
- Amir H. Tavabi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-885X)
- Vincenzo Grillo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0389-7664)
- Caterina Chiari
- Stefano Frabboni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-1125)
- Rafal E. Dunin–Borkowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8082-0647)
- Marco Beleggia
- Giulio Pozzi
- Gian Carlo Gazzadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-758X)
Institutions
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (IT)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- Ernst Ruska Centre (DE)
- Istituto Nanoscienze (IT)
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (Netherlands) (NL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Microscopy and Microanalysis
- Published
- 2024-11-26
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/mam/ozae108
- Primary Topic
- Optical Coatings and Gratings
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- European Commission