Effect of Aluminum Oxide and Polydimethylsiloxane Composites Modified with Melatonin and Lithium on the Expression of LYVE-1 and HIF-1α in db/db Mouse Brain

This paper examines the effects of melatonin-modified sorbents, a complex of melatonin and aluminum oxide with polydimethylsiloxane (ComplexM) and a complex of melatonin and lithium with a similar sorbent (ComplexM+Li), on the morphofunctional organization of the brain of animals with genetically initiated obesity and type 2 diabetes. The choice of formulations is due to the fact that the progression of diabetes mellitus is associated with a decrease in melatonin levels due to the reciprocal relationship between melatonin and insulin. Exogenous melatonin therapy is known to show efficacy in alleviating diabetes complications in cell lines, laboratory animals and patients. It is also known that lithium use is associated with a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes compared to non-lithium users, despite similar rates of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to determine, using immunohistochemical staining, how oral administration of modified sorbent complexes affects the expression of. hypoxia marker HIF1α and LYVE-1 receptor in the brain of db/db mice. The results show that the application of ComplexM effectively reduces the expression of HIF1α, as evidenced by a decrease in the concentration of the marker and the area of its distribution, while ComplexM+Li has no such effects. At the same time, application of ComplexM slightly reduces expression for the LYVE-1 receptor as well, while only a similar trend is observed for ComplexM+Li. The obtained results suggest that the use of melatonin-modified sorbents can potentially reduce the effects of hypoxia in type 2 diabetes, and can be used to develop more effective methods of therapy for this disease and its complications.