Resilient Frequency Regulation for Microgrids Under Phasor Measurement Unit Faults and Communication Intermittency

Although distributed renewable energy sources (DRESs) provide a sustainable solution to future microgrids (MGs), their fluctuant power outputs can incur frequency instability. The work studies the load frequency control (LFC) for MGs with the integration of wind energy under a hierarchical architecture. At the DRES level, a model predictive control method is employed together with an intensified event-triggered scheme considering multiple historic released signals to improve the computation efficiency. At the MG level, robustness specification is addressed in mean-square asymptotic stability to relieve the fluctuations caused by wind power penetration. Furthermore, the phasor measurement unit (PMU) failure and intermittent transmissions are considered in the control design, leading to the resilient control policy. Besides, this article extends the applicability of conventional small-signal LFC model by adding an uncertain matrix to tolerant the parameter variation due to the shift of the steady-state operating point caused by wind energy integration. The closed-loop performance based on the deployed resilient LFC strategy is verified through hardware-in-the-loop experiments, by which the frequency regulations against PMU failures and intermittent communication at different levels are effectively exhibited.