The parathyroid glands identification of carbon nanoparticles via preoperative injection in reoperation of recurrent benign multinodular goiter

The results revealed that more PGs were preserved <i>in situ</i> in the CNs group compared to the control group (3.25±0.15 <i>vs</i> 2.60±0.16, P=.007). Moreover, fewer PGs were subjected to autotransplantation and were accidentally discovered in the specimen in the CNs group compared to the control group. Patients who had CNs injection exhibited a lower rate of transient (5/24 <i>vs.</i> 13/25, P=.024) and permanent hypoparathyroidism (2/24 <i>vs.</i> 9/25, P=.020) compared to the control group.