When is more actually better? expert opinions on assessment of situation awareness in relation to safe driving

• Increased situation awareness (SA) is often associated with safer driving. • A normative interpretation of SA in relation to safe driving is lacking. • Experts provide views on moving from relative to normative interpretations of SA. • The potential of an SA criterion for safe or unsafe driving is discussed. • Suggestions for the selection and weighting of SA requirements are presented. The use of situation awareness (SA) measures to assess relative safety in driving is common, with higher levels of SA being interpreted as safer. These relative interpretations do not allow researchers to determine whether the level of SA could be considered “safe” or “unsafe”. In contrast to such interpretations based on relative performance, the current position paper explores the potential for a normative interpretation of situation awareness with regard to safety assessment in driving. A series of expert interviews yielded viewpoints on the current relation between SA and safe driving, theoretical underpinnings for a normative approach, and potential actions towards an SA criterion for safe or unsafe driving. Methodological challenges regarding a normative approach are discussed together with considerations towards a weighted criterion-based approach to SA. The selection of SA requirements relevant for safety and the differentiation and weighting of these requirements on high and lower importance is presented. A method towards objective determination of relevance and weight of SA requirements may increase the usefulness of SA measures for assessment of safety in a driving context.