Combining novel extraction techniques with natural deep eutectic solvent to acquire phenolic and terpenoid compounds from Paris polyphylla roots

This study extracted bioactive compounds from Paris polyphylla roots by utilizing natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and novel extraction techniques. Eight different NADES were prepared and evaluated. The results show that the ratio of lactic acid: glucose (2:1) achieved the best extraction efficiency for phenolics, while citric acid: glucose (2:1) was the most effective for terpenoid recovery. The impacts of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), high-speed shearing-assisted extraction (HSE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions on the extraction efficiency of phenolics and terpenoids were investigated. The extraction yields of total phenolic content (TPC) and total terpenoid content (TTC) from the combined extraction processes were evaluated and compared by their antioxidant activities. The results showed that under the NADES-based UAE condition, TPC and TTC extracted from this herb were 3.91 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 19.52 mg ursolic acid equivalent (UA)/g, respectively. Meanwhile, NADES-based MAE achieved 5.32 mg GAE/g of TPC and 24.04 mg UA/g of TTC. In NADES-based HSE, TPC and TTC yields were 6.08 mg GAE/g and 26.13 mg UA/g, respectively. The efficiency of the HMUAE method was further evaluated by two antioxidant activity measurements. When using Glu-Lac solvent, the extracts had a DPPH radical scavenging capacity of 33.345 μmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/L.g and an ABTS radical scavenging capacity of 30.347 μmol TE/L.g. Similarly, when using Glu-Ci solvent, the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging capacities of the extracts were 147.103 μmol TE/L.g and 96.903 μmol TE/L.g, respectively. This analysis indicates that HMUAE (high-speed shearing-microwave-ultrasonic-assisted extraction) is a novel and enduring method for collecting phenolics and terpenoids from Paris polyphylla in relevant fields. The HMUAE method leverages the synergistic effects of homogenization, ultrasound, and microwave technologies, leading to enhanced recovery efficiency, higher yields of bioactive compounds, and reduced processing time. • Lactic:glucose (2:1) solvent extracted the highest phenolic yield. • Citric:glucose (2:1) solvent extracted the highest phenolic yield. • The effect of extracting conditions on phenolic and terpenoid contents was examined. • High-speed-shearing-microwave-ultrasonic-assisted extraction gave the highest yield.