Successful collaborative trials of simple gear modifications to reduce entanglement of whales and other megafauna in Scotland’s static pot (creel) fisheries

Abstract Entanglement in ropes associated with static fishing gear (pots/traps/creels) is a welfare and conservation concern for minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus), and other megafauna in Scottish waters. The Scottish Entanglement Alliance estimated that six humpback whales and 30 minke whales become entangled annually. Where entanglement type was known, 83% of minke whales, 50% of humpback whales, and 76% of basking sharks were caught in floating groundlines between pots. We collaborated with fishers on Scotland’s west coast to trial sinking groundline (which lies on the seabed) to assess its practicality. A total of 15 Nephrops (langoustine) and crab fishers re-roped 61 sets of creel gear and fished the gear for ∼15 months, reporting on each haul. Over 1500 hauls were reported; the fishers encountered few problems, in some cases preferring the modified gear. We also deployed depth sensors/accelerometers and filmed a range of sinking and floating rope configurations with a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) to collect data on performance underwater. This project is encouraging, both because of its results—that there may be a simple option to greatly reduce entanglement risk—and because of the successful, bottom-up, partnership approach with Scottish creel fishers.