Creation of a Diagnostic Test Instrument with Four Tier Multiple Choice (FTMC) to Determine Students' Misconceptions About Chemical Bonding Material

As part of chemistry learning, students are faced with the need to master various chemical concepts that have been previously learned and be able to connect these concepts with the material they are learning to achieve a comprehensive understanding. Students who have difficulty in understanding concepts correctly will cause concept errors or misconceptions. Finding these misconceptions is the first step in helping students overcome them. A diagnostic test is one technique for identifying misconceptions. The purpose of this study is to develop a four-tier multiple-choice (FTMC) diagnostic test that may be used to determine students' misconceptions about chemical bonding materials in terms of validity, practicality and efficacy. Without the implementation stage, this kind of research is research and development (R&D) utilizing the ADDIE development model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The limited trial was conducted on 30 students of SHS 1 Dukun Gresik. Based on content validity and construct validity, the findings demonstrated that the four-tier multiple-choice (FTMC) diagnostic test instrument had a median score of 5, indicating that it was deemed valid. According to the students' questionnaire responses, the diagnostic test instrument's practicality was 86.67%, with a very practical category. Reliability and empirical validity tests of the test items are used to determine effectiveness. Six test items fell into the invalid category and fourteen test items fell into the valid category, according to the test item validity results. The test instrument was deemed reliable after the reliability test yielded a reliability rating of 0.780.