Immunological therapies targeting leukemia

Leukemia represents one of the greatest challenges in medical oncology due to its aggressiveness and biological complexity. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a promising option for the treatment of leukemias, however, its genetic complexity has represented a challenge for it. ALL and AML present different genetic alterations, such as mutations, chromosomal rearrangements and signaling pathways. Currently, several therapies have been investigated and applied to try to treat leukemia, among them, CAR T-cell therapy has shown great effectiveness, monoclonal antibodies are another promising option, several immune checkpoint inhibitors have also been developed, the use of CAR-NK cells offers another promising alternative, and as usual, stem cell transplantation remains an important curative option. Leukemia treatments continue to be renewed and updated to make them less toxic and less aggressive for patients.