Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary Incisors Teeth in a Sample of Yemeni Population Using Two Classification Systems: A CBCT Study

Objective: To determine the root and canal morphology of permanent maxillary central and lateral incisors in a sample of Yemeni population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective CBCT analysis of 400 maxillary anterior teeth from a Yemeni adults (18-50 years) was conducted. Image evaluation in sagittal, axial, and coronal planes using Ez3D-i software assessed root number, canal orifice number, canal number, and canal configuration based on Vertucci's and Ahmed's classifications. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were employed (p < 0.05). Results: All incisors exhibited a single root and canal with a single orifice. The predominant canal configuration was Type 1 according to both Vertucci's (93.5%) and Ahmed's (93.8%) classifications. Type 5 (bifurcation at the apex) was observed in 6.25% (Vertucci) and 6.0% (Ahmed) of cases, while Type 3 (canal division and reunion) was rare (0.25% Vertucci, 0.2% Ahmed). Conclusion: Permanent maxillary central and lateral incisors in the Yemeni population primarily demonstrate a single root and canal. Although variations in canal configuration exist, they are infrequent.