Experimental Investigation to Study Impact of Low-Concentration Hybrid ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles on Thermo-Physical Properties of Transformer Oil

Transformer oil (Naphthenic Oil) is vital for the safe and efficient operation of transformer systems. The current experimental investigation mainly concentrates on the impact of low-concentration TiO2 and ZnO hybrid nanoparticles of 0.001 and 0.005 vol. % concentrations on the thermophysical properties of Naphthenic oil (Transformer oil). This investigation separately determines the flash and fire point, viscosity, thermal conductivity, pH, breakdown voltage and strength, and zeta potential analysis for both fresh and used Naphthenic oil and adding hybrid nanoparticles. The addition of hybrid nanoparticles to fresh and used Naphthenic oil increases the flash and fire points, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and pH values but the breakdown strength of the fresh oil decreases and the used oil increases.