Impact of obesity and diabetes on colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia is associated with liver γ‑glutamyl transferase abnormality

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading global cause of death. In Saudi Arabia, it is the most common cancer among men and the third most common among women. Obesity, diabetes and CRC have become significant health concerns. The present study aimed to explore the connection between liver function markers, obesity and diabetes in patients with CRC. In addition to exploring whether the incidence of CRC had increased in Saudi Arabia. The present study conducted a retrospective chart review based on data from the Saudi Ministry of National Guard Hospitals. Clinical laboratory assays of patients with CRC with obesity and/or diabetes between 2015 and 2021 were analysed, and various factors were considered. This study found that CRC is more prevalent in overweight and obese individuals, primarily aged 50 years and older. Diabetes was more common in patients with CRC (61.76%) compared with non-diabetic individuals (38.24%). Additionally, the protein γ-glutamyl transferase might serve as a potential biomarker for CRC in overweight and obese patients. Notably, the age of CRC diagnosis in Saudi Arabian patients in the present study was lower than previously reported. The present study provided insight into the relationship between obesity, diabetes and liver function markers in Saudi Arabian patients with CRC. It also highlighted the increasing incidence of CRC in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the need for further attention and research.