Combining Multi-kinase Inhibitors and Immune Checkpoints Blockade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pharmacotherapeutic Approach

Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), represents a significant global health burden with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of pharmacotherapy for liver cancer, focusing on both established and emerging drugs. Current standard-of-care treatments, including sorafenib and lenvatinib, target key pathways involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis. However, their efficacy is often limited, prompting ongoing research into novel therapeutic approaches. Emerging immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, have shown promise in clinical trials, offering new avenues for personalized treatment strategies. Additionally, targeted therapies aimed at specific genetic alterations, such as FGFR inhibitors for FGFR-altered HCC, demonstrate potential for improved outcomes in select patient populations. These abstract highlights the evolving landscape of pharmacotherapy for liver cancer and underscores the need for further research to optimize treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. Keywords Multi­kinase Inhibitors, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), Sorafenib