MicroRNA-30a-5p as a target for pharmacological correction of pathological conditions of the nervous system

In the brain, the main inducers of neuroinflammation are proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species and other mediators produced by microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells. Chronic neuroinflammatory conditions are manifested by the infiltration of peripheral immune cells through the blood-brain barrier and cause tissue damage in the central nervous system, promoting glial activation and increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. According to a number of studies, one of the regulators of these processes is small non-coding RNA, or microRNA, which can either contribute to disease progression or, conversely, reflect an attempt by the nervous system to prevent excessive damage and restore homeostasis. Studying the role of microRNA. miR-30a-5p among others, in these processes can shed light on the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying a number of neurological diseases and lead to the discovery of new therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the role of miR-30a-5p in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, possible mechanisms of its action, and the use of miR-30a-5p as a potential therapeutic target for pharmacological correction of neuroinflammation in pathological conditions of the nervous system.