Bio‐Inspired P‐type TeSeO _x Synaptic Transistor Based on Multispectral Sensing for Neuromorphic Visual Multilevel Nociceptor

The development of neuromorphic color vision has significant research implications in the fields of machine vision and artificial intelligence. By mimicking the processing mechanisms of energy-efficient biological visual systems, it offers a unique potential for real-time color environment perception and dynamic adaptability. This paper reports on a multispectral color sensing synaptic device based on a novel p-type TeSeO_x transistor, applied to a neuromorphic visual multilevel nociceptor. Due to the intrinsic properties of TeSeO_x, its narrow bandgap allows for multi-wavelength (405, 532, 655 nm) response, and its oxide semiconductor-based persistent photoconductivity converts optical signals into stored electrical signals, successfully emulating key synaptic characteristics such as excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), multi-pulse facilitation, and the transition from short-term to long-term memory. Additionally, it simulates learning, forgetting, and relearning behaviors, as well as image memory under tricolor light. Finally, using optical signals as a pain stimulus, the fundamental functions of a nociceptor are realized, including "threshold," "non-adaptation," "relaxation," and "nociceptive sensitization". More importantly, by using tricolor light, multilevel pain perception is acheived. These results have the potential to advance fields such as autonomous driving, machine vision, and intelligent alert systems.