Pseudo Renal Failure Secondary to Bladder Rupture due to Abdominal Trauma: Literature Review

Rupture of the urinary bladder is an infrequent but potentially severe clinical event, commonly associated with abdominal trauma, though it can also occur spontaneously. These cases present diagnostic challenges due to nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and distension, which may delay treatment. The accumulation of urine in the peritoneum in cases of intraperitoneal rupture can lead to pseudo-renal insufficiency, characterized by increased blood creatinine and urea nitrogen without structural renal damage. This occurs due to the absorption of urinary solutes through the peritoneum, mimicking acute renal failure. Accurate diagnosis requires cystography through computed tomography to differentiate between intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal ruptures. Extraperitoneal injuries are usually managed with urethral catheterization, while intraperitoneal injuries often require surgical intervention. Timely treatment allows for the spontaneous reabsorption of urine in the peritoneum and normalizes serum levels within 24 hours, achieving recovery without long-term sequelae. Proper identification and management of this condition improve prognosis and reduce the risk of severe complications, making knowledge of this pathology essential in abdominal trauma contexts.