Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Seed Distribution Uniformity in Planting of Sage Seeds Using a Micro-Granular Applicator

The objective of this study was to determine the seed flow characteristics and in-row seed distribution uniformity under different operating conditions to develop mathematical models and to optimize the seed distribution uniformity in the seeding of sage seeds by a micro-granule applicator equipped with a conveyor belt seed-metering unit. In this study, weighing tests were used to determine the seed flow characteristics, while sticky belt tests were used to determine the in-row seed distribution uniformity. While the evaluations of flow uniformity were carried out depending on the coefficient of variation values (CVs), in-row seed distribution uniformity evaluations were carried out using the values of the variation factor (Vf) and goodness criterion (λ). Central Composite Design (CCD) was used as the experimental design. Based on the analysis of data obtained from the experiments, the polynomial functions were developed for Vf and λ values and the models were optimized. The forward speed was determined as 2.14 m s−1, the seed rate was 13.9 kg ha−1, and the seed falling angle was 42.73° for the Vf model, while these values were determined as 2.43 m s−1, 14.7 kg ha−1, and 33.11°, respectively, for the λ model. All these findings reveal that the metering unit equipped with conveyor belt could be used for the seeding of sage seeds successfully. Data and information found in this work would have great potential to be used as a guide for farmers, manufacturers, and scientists who work in such areas.