An Innovative Use of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) from Pokea Clam Shells (Batissa violacea var. celebensis) for Toothpaste Manufacturing

Innovation research on the use of hydroxyapatite from pokea clam shells (Batissa violacea var. celebensis) for toothpaste manufacturing has been successfully conducted. This study aims to determine how to synthesize and characterize hydroxyapatite (HAp) from pokea shells and the efficiency of its use in making toothpaste. The research process was conducted through hydroxyapatite synthesis and hydroxyapatite toothpaste formulation. The success of this synthesis was proven by the characterization of XRF spectrophotometer, FTIR spectrophotometer and digital optical microscope. The results of XRF analysis showed that the CaO content in the material was 88.21%. The results of FTIR analysis showed that in hydroxyapatite material there was absorption at wave numbers 926 cm-1 and 1024 cm-1 which showed asymmetric strain vibrations and bending vibrations of PO43- groups. The results of XRD characterization of HAp show that the diffraction peak is at an angle of 2θ = 20-57 ° with a crystal size of 46.15 nm and a degree of crystallinity of 85.43%. Digital optical microscope test results at 500x and 1000x magnification, showed hydroxyapatite has a uniform and non-porous shape. The hydroxyapatite toothpaste produced is bone white in color with menthol aroma and slightly rough texture. The resulting toothpaste is homogeneous, the diameter of the distribution that meets the quality requirements of toothpaste is 6.833 cm. The pH measurement result on toothpaste is 5.82 which meets the toothpaste quality requirements. The result of viscosity measurement on toothpaste is 20,000 cpa.s which meets the requirements of toothpaste viscosity. The foam formed is 10 mm where the height of the foam formed has met the requirements. Hydroxyapatite toothpaste has good stability and strong antibacterial activity, where the clear zone formed is 18.7 mm