A Rare Case of Splanchnic Vessel Thrombosis in Autoimmune Hepatitis

Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a rare cause of bowel ischemia, accounting for 5?10% of cases, often linked to portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis. This report describes a 40 - year - old female with autoimmune hepatitis and liver cirrhosis presenting with acute superior mesenteric vein thrombosis leading to intestinal ischemia. The patient exhibited severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and black stools. Diagnostic evaluation revealed elevated inflammatory markers, altered liver function tests, and imaging evidence of extensive mesenteric thrombosis and intestinal ischemia. Initial management included intravenous fluids, broad - spectrum antibiotics, and anticoagulation therapy with unfractionated heparin, later transitioned to low molecular weight heparin due to heparin - induced thrombocytopenia. Over a month, her symptoms resolved, with imaging confirming thrombus resolution. This case emphasizes the critical role of early diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and anticoagulation therapy in improving outcomes in cirrhosis - associated splanchnic vein thrombosis.